The above ground explosions generated nuclear fallout. These tests consisted of above-ground and below-ground explosions of nuclear devices. The arms race resulted in nuclear weapons testing. In effect, a Cold War was being waged, and civilian populations could no longer be shielded from the violence of war. In an attempt to get or maintain an advantage in the power and numbers of nuclear weapons, both nations embarked on an arms race while at the same time preparing their citizens in the event that nuclear weapons were deployed. Although the United States and the Soviet Union had been wartime allies, by this time they had become peacetime enemies with conflicting ideologies and competing global interests. In 1949 the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb. The exclusiveness was short-lived, however. In 1945 the United States possessed a monopoly on this new dreadful weapon. They killed by sheer magnitude of the blast and the resulting firestorm, and they killed by means of nuclear fallout. Unlike conventional bombs, these new atomic bombs killed in two ways. In August 1945 the United States unleashed a new weapon of mass destruction against the Japanese at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and brought an end to World War II. Photographs and Pamphlet about Nuclear Fallout
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